A saúde da haste capilar e do couro cabeludo: saberes de cabeleireiros / Health of capillary stem and hairdressing leather: knowledge of hairdressers

Introdução: o cabelo tem uma forte representação para os seres humanos, causando grande impacto na estrutura emocional, imagem pessoal e qualidade de vida e saúde. Objetivo: investigar, junto a profissionais cabeleireiros, saberes acerca das principais patologias e/ou intercorrências de interesse ao profissional de estética capilar. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, realizada em salões de um município ao noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, no primeiro semestre de 2020. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de um questionário e o tratamento dos dados se deu pela análise de conteúdo temática. Foram respeitados os aspectos éticos da pesquisa com seres humanos legislados pela Resolução 466/2012. Resultados: identificou-se, que apesar da formação destes profissionais ser voltada quase que totalmente para o tecnicismo, com quase nenhuma base teórica e científica, os mesmos denotam algum saber em torno das questões relativas ao exercício da sua profissão tais como biossegurança, autocuidado, transmissão de doença no ambiente de trabalho e execução de suas técnicas. No que tange às doenças relativas a haste capilar e ao couro cabeludo, pode-se observar lacunas sobre esse tema por parte dos participantes, visto que, grande parte dos seus conhecimentos demonstrados valem-se de saberes empíricos, seja pela deficiência formativa seja pela escassez de material produzido por profissionais da área. Conclusão: foram observadas algumas deficiências nos saberes dos profissionais sobre o tema. Destaca-se a importância do estímulo para a produção de objetos de aprendizagem, bem como a elaboração de cursos de atualização direcionados a este setor.

Introduction: hair has a strong representation for human beings, causing great impact on emotional structure, personal image and quality of life and health. Objective: to investigate, together with hairdressing professionals, knowledge about the main pathologies and / or complications of interest to the professional of hair aesthetics. Methodology: descriptive research, carried out in salons of a municipality in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, in the first semester of 2020. The data collection was done through a questionnaire and the treatment of the data was done through the analysis of thematic content. The ethical aspects of research with human beings legislated by Resolution 466/2012 were respected. Results: it was identified that, although the training of these professionals is almost totally focused on technicality, with almost no theoretical and scientific basis, they show some knowledge around issues related to the exercise of their profession such as biosafety, self-care, transmission of disease in the work environment and execution of its techniques. Regarding diseases related to the hair shaft and the scalp, gaps on this topic can be observed on the part of the participants, since most of their demonstrated knowledge is based on empirical knowledge, either due to the training deficiency or the scarcity of material produced by professionals in the field. Conclusion: some deficiencies were observed in the knowledge of professionals on the subject. The importance of the stimulus for the production of learning objects is highlighted, as well as the elaboration of refresher courses directed to this sector.

Evaluation of Aids and Hepatitis-B knowledge and job satisfaction among hairdressers and barbers in Turkey

Blood-borne viruses, includingthe human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus, have certain common epidemiological characteristics and these viruses infect millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to determine the job satisfaction and the level of knowledge and practices regarding infectious diseases of employees working as hairdressers and barbers.This descriptive and cross-sectional study comprised 1200 hairdressers and barbers. The study sample comprised 628 people who consented to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants who participated in the study was 28, 13 ± 6. 9 years. The mean job satisfaction score of the participants was 3.85 ± 0.58. The job satisfaction score was found to be higher among those with sufficient knowledge of hepatitis B (p < 0.005). Employees should be provided performance trainings to achieve job satisfaction. It is recommended that employees be encouraged to wear gloves and gowns to protect their health and prevent contamination.

Avaliação da efetividade do uso de meias de compressão na prevenção do edema ocupacional em cabeleireiras / Evaluation of the effectiveness of wearing compression stockings for prevention of occupational edema in hairdressers

Resumo Contexto O edema ocupacional (EO) de membros inferiores (MMII) é um importante fator de queda na qualidade de vida, e a sua prevenção impõe a prescrição de medidas profiláticas, como o uso de meias de compressão (MCs). Objetivos Avaliar a efetividade das MCs na prevenção do EO e a sua repercussão na qualidade de vida de cabeleireiras. Métodos Este ensaio clínico realizou medidas de tornozelo e panturrilha de 38 cabeleireiras sem doença venosa no início e no final da jornada de trabalho em um momento sem e em outro usando MCs. Também responderam um questionário sobre sintomas e qualidade de vida em doença venosa. Resultados Os valores do ponto B foram de 21,1±2,2 cm no momento inicial sem meias, 22,1±2,3 cm no momento final sem meias (p = 0,0001 em relação ao inicial sem meias), e 21,2±2,1 cm no momento final com meias (p = 0,0001 em relação ao final sem meias). Não foi significante a diferença entre os valores médios do ponto B inicial sem meias e final com meias (p=0,324), ou seja, não houve formação de edema nos MMII ao final da jornada de trabalho em ortostatismo prolongado quando em uso de MCs. Pôde-se observar melhora da limitação sobre as atividades laborais (p = 0,0001), domésticas (p = 0,008) e de lazer ou sociais em pé (p = 0,0001). Conclusões As MCs são efetivas na prevenção do EO de MMII, e a atenuação de sintomas como dor e fadiga contribui diretamente para melhor qualidade de vida de cabeleireiras.

Abstract Background Occupational lower limb edema is an important factor in deterioration of quality of life. Prevention involves prescription of prophylactic measures, such as wearing compression stockings. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of compression stocking for prevention of occupational edema and its repercussions for the quality of life of hairdressers. Methods A clinical trial involving measurements of the ankles (point B) and calves (Point C) of 38 hairdressers without venous disease at the beginning and end of workdays spent wearing or not wearing compression stockings. Participants also answered a questionnaire about symptoms and quality of life in venous disease. Results Point B measurements were: 21.1 ± 2.2 cm in the morning without stockings; 22.1 ± 2.3 cm at the end of the day without stockings (p = 0.0001 compared to baseline without stockings); and 21.2 ± 2.1 cm at the end of the day wearing compression stockings (p = 0.0001 compared to the end of day not wearing compression stockings). The comparison between point B values for the start of the day without compression stockings and the end of the day with stockings (p = 0.324) was not significant, showing that there was no lower limb edema at the end of the working day when compression stockings were worn. Improvements were observed in ratings for limitations of work activities (p = 0.0001), domestic activities (p = 0.008) and leisure or social activities performed standing up(p = 0.0001). Conclusions Compression stockings are effective for preventing occupational lower limb edema and the attenuation of symptoms such as pain and fatigue directly contributes to better quality of life for hairdressers.

Artesanos de servicio: Apreciaciones sobre los Barberos, Sangradores, Sacamuelas / Craftsmen of service: appreciations on the barbers, tappers, dentists

Los barberos a través del tiempo, han dejado una estela para muchos, poco apreciada. El presente relato intenta dar un poco más de lustre a su nombre, observándolo sucintamente desde varias facetas: tocador de guitarra y cantador, navegante, artesano; intentando romper la creencia de que fueron personas incultas y sin conocimientos. También se realizará un acercamiento hacia los barberos que laboraron en nuestra Cuenca de los Andes desde el siglo XVI hasta su extinción en el siglo XX.

Barbers over time, have left a trail which is little appreciated. The present account tries to enhance its name, observing it briefly from several aspects: guitar player and singer, navigator and craftsman; trying to break the belief that they were uncultured and uneducated people. There will also be an approach to the barbers who worked in our city "Cuenca de los Andes" from the sixteenth century until its extinction in the twentieth century.

Occupational health problems and work practices of hairdressers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

There are several million hairdressers worldwide who are chronically exposed to various chemicals used in hairdressing business. This study aimed at determining the occupational health problems and work practices of hairdressers in Uyo, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in March 2017.The study participants consisted of all consenting hairdressers in Uyo metropolis, Nigeria who had been working for at least 6 months prior to the study. Data obtained was analyzed using STATA 12.1 software. Level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 429 hairdressers participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 28.5 �7.5 years. Majority, (88.3%) were females and 63.9% were single. Ninety percent had at least secondary education, while 47.6% had worked for > 3years. Health problems reported included back pain 61.5%, tiredness 57.1%, Itching/ redness of hands 43.1%, eye itching 26.1%, catarrh 22.8% and hearing difficulty 17.7%. Injuries included needle pricks 59.0% and cuts 46.9%. Standing for > 8 hours was reported by 33% of respondents. Use of any personal protective equipment (PPE) was 67.6%. The most commonly used was glove 42.7%. Awareness about PPE increased with respondent's level of education (p<0.05).Hand lesions were significantly less among those who used gloves as 95.6% had no chemical burns and rashes, 95.1% experienced no dryness and 63.4% had no itching/redness (p<0.05). The respondents reported several health problems. Work practices included poor use of PPE and prolonged standing. Regular workplace safety training, shift duty and use of ergonomically suitable chairs are advocated for hairdressers

Análise da exposição dos cabeleireiros ao formaldeído durante a realização de alisamento capilar / Analysis of the exposure of hairdressers to formaldehyde during capillary strightening

Introdução - A vida do ser humano é repleta de necessidades consideradas básicas para um desenvolvimento saudável, dentre as quais estão alimentação, cuidados com a higiene pessoal e com o corpo de uma forma geral. Para esses cuidados, há um leque cada vez maior de produtos, entre os quais estão incluídos os cosméticos que trazem em sua composição química oformaldeído, que tem sido utilizado extensivamente como alisante capilar nas denominadasescovas progressivas. Objetivo - O fato dos cabeleireiros estarem expostos a substâncias químicas, dentre eles o formaldeído, por meio do manuseio de cremes e produtos de alisamento capilar, motivou a realização desse estudo com o objetivo de quantificar a exposição ocupacional de cabeleireiros ao formaldeído comparando os resultados da exposição entre diferentes tipos de salão de beleza frente à legislação vigente brasileira (NR15) e americana (US OSHA e US NIOSH). Métodos - A população estudada foi constituída por 23 salões de beleza localizados no município de Bauru, São Paulo, representativos de áreas com diferentes vulnerabilidades sociais medidas pelo IPVS (Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social). Foram aplicados dois questionários para coleta de informações pessoais, queixas de saúde e processos de trabalho adotados pelos profissionais. Resultados - Dos 23 salões, cuja exposição dos profissionais ao formaldeído foi avaliada pelo método da National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 30% ultrapassaram o limite de concentração de formaldeído estabelecido pela NR 15 (1,6 ppm); já pelo método desenvolvido pelo IPT (Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas), esse limite de tolerância foi ultrapassado em 39% dos salões. Considerando o limite de exposição ao formaldeído previsto pela Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA), que é de 2,0 ppm, 17% dos salões obtiveram concentrações de formaldeído acima do permitido (método NIOSH) e, pelo método IPT, 30% obtiveram valores maiores que o previsto pela legislação nas amostras analisadas. Os produtos alisantes ultrapassaram de forma significativa o limite de concentração de formaldeído permitido pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) em suas formulações, o qual é de 0,2%. Quatro formulações apresentaram de 10% a 11% de formaldeído em sua composição. Conclusões - Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os cabeleireiros estão cronicamente expostos a altas concentrações de formaldeído em ambiente laboral, sendo que estas exposições estão associadas principalmente à ventilação do ambiente, medida por meio da abertura de portas e janelas do salão. O processo de trabalho também pode impactar na intensidade da exposição

Introduction - The life of the human being is full of basic necessities for a healthy development, among which are food, cares for personal hygiene and the body in general. For this care, there is a growing range of products, including cosmetics that bring formaldehyde in its chemical composition, which has been used extensively as hair straightener in so-called progressive brushes. Objective - The fact that hairdressers are exposed to chemical substances, among them formaldehyde, through the handling of creams and hair straightening products, motivated the accomplishment of this study with the objective of quantifying the occupational exposure of hairdressers to formaldehyde comparing the results of (NR15) and US (US OSHA and US NIOSH) legislation. Methods - The study population consisted of 23 beauty salons located in the city of Bauru, São Paulo, representing areas with different social vulnerabilities measured by IPVS (Paulista Index of Social Vulnerability). Two questionnaires were used to collect personal information, health complaints and work processes adopted by professionals. Results - Of the 23 salons, whose exposure of professionals to formaldehyde was assessed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method, 30% exceeded the formaldehyde concentration limit established by NR 15 (1.6 ppm); already by the method developed by IPT (Institute of Technological Research), this limit of tolerance was exceeded in 39% of the salons. Considering the Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) exposure limit of 2.0 ppm, 17% of the salons obtained formaldehyde concentrations above the allowable level (NIOSH method), and by the IPT method 30% obtained values than those provided for by legislation in the analyzed samples. Smoothing products significantly exceeded the limit of formaldehyde concentration allowed by the National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) in its formulations, which is 0.2%. Four formulations had 10% to 11% formaldehyde in their composition. Conclusions - The results of this study showed that hairdressers are chronically exposed to high concentrations of formaldehyde in the workplace, and these exposures are mainly associated with the ventilation of the environment, measured through the opening of doors and windows of the hall. The work process can also impact the intensity of exposure

Blood and virus detection on barber clippers

Background. Bleeding from the popular clean-shave 'chiskop' haircut was recently reported as prevalent in South Africa (SA), a country with 6.9 million HIV-infected people.Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of barber hair clipper contamination with blood and HIV and hepatitis B viruses.Methods. Fifty barbers from three townships in Cape Town, SA, were invited to participate. One clipper from each barber was collected immediately after it had been used for a clean-shave haircut. Each clipper was rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and then submerged in viral medium. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the blood-specific RNA marker haemoglobin beta (HBB), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV.Results. The clean-shave haircut was the most common haircut requested by clients (78%). Of the clippers collected, 42% were positive for HBB, confirming detection of blood, none were positive for HIV, and 4 (8%) were positive for HBV. Two clippers (clippers 16 and 20) were positive on qualitative HBV PCR. HBV DNA from clipper 16 clustered with genotype A sequences from SA, India, Brazil and Martinique, while clipper 20 clustered with SA genotype D sequences. The clipper 20 sequence was identical to a subtype D sequence (GenBank accession AY233291) from Gauteng, SA.Conclusions. This study confirms that there is significant contamination of barber hair clippers with blood and blood-borne viruses. Hepatitis B was detected with enough DNA copies to pose a risk of transmitting infection. Although HIV was not detected in this small study, the risk of transmission should be quantified. Further studies to investigate barber clipper sterilisation practices and whether the clean-shave hairstyle is an independent risk factor for HIV, HBV and hepatitis C virus infections are warranted. Public education on individual clipper ownership (as is the case with a toothbrush) should be advocated for clean-shave and blade-fade haircuts

El fantasma de la puta-peluquera: Género, trabajo y estilistas trans en Cali y San Andrés Isla, Colombia / O fantasma da puta-cabeleireira: gênero, trabalho e estilistas trans em Cali e San Andrés Isla, Colômbia / The ghost of the hairdresser-whore: gender, work and trans stylists in Cali and San Andrés Isla, Colombia

Resumen: A través de un uso crítico de la perspectiva de la interseccionalidad, la investigación etnográfica y exploratoria analiza las imbricaciones del género, la clase social, la etnicidad y la sexualidad en las trayectorias laborales de un conjunto de estilistas transfemeninas en Santiago de Cali y San Andrés Isla, Colombia. Las distancias sociales que se construyen entre diferentes actores (estilistas gais, estilistas de clase alta blancos heterosexuales, personas raizales heterosexuales y la clientela cisgénero) producen de manera específica los sentidos otorgados al trabajo en las peluquerías y sus fronteras difusas con la prostitución. Si por un lado el efecto de clase y la dominación cisgenerista imposibilitan el ascenso social de las mujeres trans caleñas, el tabú heterosexista del sistema étnico prohíbe y niega las feminidades trans como parte de la identidad raizal.

Resumo: Através de uma abordagem crítica interseccional, esta pesquisa etnográfica exploratória analisa as imbricações de gênero, classe, etnia e sexualidade nas trajetórias de trabalho de um grupo de estilistas composto por mulheres trans, em Santiago de Cali e na Ilha de San Andrés, Colômbia. As distâncias sociais construídas entre diversos atores (estilistas gays, estilistas heterossexuais brancos ricos, pessoas “raizais” heterossexuais e clientes cisgenênero) criam significados específicos no que se refere ao trabalho nos salões de cabeleireiro e seus limites confusos com a prostituição. Se, por um lado, o efeito da classe e da dominação cisgênero impedem a ascensão social das mulheres trans “caleñas”; por outro, o tabu heterosexista do sistema étnico proíbe e nega que as feminilidades trans façam parte da identidade “raizal”.

Abstract: Through a critical approach of intersectionality, this exploratory ethnographic research analyses the imbrications of gender, class, ethnicity and sexuality in the work trajectories of a transfeminine group of stylists in Santiago de Cali and San Andrés Island, Colombia. The social distances built between diverse actors (gay stylists, rich white heterosexual stylists, heterosexual raizal people, and cisgender clients) create specific meanings regarding work in the hairdressing salons and its blurred boundaries with prostitution. On one hand the effect of class and cisgender domination hinder social ascending of the caleñas trans women; on the other hand, the ethnic system’s heterosexist taboo prohibits and denies trans femininities as part of the raizal identity.

Head lice in harr samples from youths, adults ad the elderly in manaus, amazonnas state, Brazil / Pediculose da cabeça em amostras de cabelos de jovens, adultos e idosos em Manaus, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

A study of head lice infestations among young people, adults and elderly individuals was conducted from August 2010 to July 2013 in Manaus, AM, Northern Brazil. Hair samples collected from 1,860 individuals in 18 barber shops and beauty parlors were examined for the ectoparasite. The occurrence of pediculosis and its association with factors, such as sex, age, ethnicity, hair characteristics and the socioeconomic profile of salon customers, salon location and seasonal variation were determined. The overall occurrence rate was 2.84%. Occurrence was higher in hair samples from non-blacks and the elderly. Higher occurrence was also observed during kindergarten, elementary and junior education school holidays. The results indicate that the occurrence of head lice among young people, adults and the elderly in Manaus is relatively low compared to that determined in children and in other regions of the country. After children, the elderly were the most affected. The study also indicated the need to adopt additional procedures to improve surveys among the population with low or no purchasing power, which is usually the most affected by this ectoparasitic disease.

Estudo sobre a pediculose do couro cabeludo em jovens, adultos e idosos foi realizado de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2013 em Manaus - AM, região norte do Brasil. Amostras de cabelos obtidas de 1.860 indivíduos em 18 barbearias e salões de beleza foram examinadas à procura do parasito. Procurou-se verificar a ocorrência da pediculose e sua associação com fatores tais como: sexo, idade, etnia, características dos cabelos e perfil socioeconômico dos clientes dos salões, localização dos salões e variação sazonal. A taxa de ocorrência encontrada foi 2,84%. Ela foi maior em amostras de cabelos de não negros e dos idosos. Também se observou maior prevalência no período de férias escolares do ensino fundamental e médio. Os resultados indicam que a ocorrência da pediculose em jovens, adultos e idosos em Manaus é relativamente baixa em comparação com as encontradas em crianças e as encontradas em outras regiões do país. Depois das crianças, os idosos seriam os mais acometidos. O estudo também indica a necessidade de adotar procedimentos adicionais para melhor amostrar a faixa da população com menor ou com nenhum poder aquisitivo, a qual geralmente é a mais acometida por esta ectoparasitose.

Work ability and psychosocial factors among hairdressers workers, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Capacidad para el trabajo y los factores psicosociales en trabajadores de peluquerías, Río de Janeiro, Brasil

This study came up with the main objective to inspect psychosocial health and wellbeing factors that affect the work ability of hairdresser. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in which 106 hairdressers workers were surveyed. To this end, the Work Ability Index (WAI) and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) questionnaires were administered. The results demonstrate that the sociodemographic variables gender, age and educational attainment are influenced by psychosocial health factors. The average WAI score among workers was 40,7 points (SD=7,2), ranging from 24 to 49 points and the prevalence of good capacity for work was 77,36%. Regarding to the symptoms of stress were obtained in difficulty to think clearly (16,03%), pain or problems in the stomach (13,21%), tension in various muscles (15,1%), difficulty making decisions (13,21%), lack of initiative (8,49%) and tightness or chest pain (9,43%) in respondents. The administrators of beauty salons should be aware of the results obtained with this category of workers so little studied (but very prominent today) to pore in creating an environment conducive to maintaining the work capacity and well-being of hairdressers, mitigating the problems encountered with this study.

Este estudio tiene el objetivo principal de examinar los factores de salud y bienestar psicosociales que afectan a la capacidad de trabajo en peluqueros. Se aplicó los cuestionarios (Índice de Capacidad para el Trabajo - ICT y Psicosocial de Copenhague - COPSOQ) a 106 peluqueros. Los resultados demuestran que las variables sociodemográficas sexo, edad y nivel de estudios se ven influidas por factores psicosociales relacionados con la salud. La puntuación media de lo ICT entre los trabajadores fue de 40,7 puntos (DE = 7.2), que van desde 24 hasta 49 puntos y la prevalencia de la buena capacidad de trabajo fue 77,36%. Con respecto a los síntomas de estrés se obtuvieron en dificultad para pensar con claridad (16,03%), dolor o problemas en el estómago (13,21%), la tensión en varios músculos (15,1%), dificultad para tomar decisiones (13,21%), la falta de iniciativa (8,49%) y la opresión o dolor en el pecho (9,43%) en los encuestados. Los administradores de salones de belleza deben ser conscientes de los resultados obtenidos con esta categoría tan poco estudiada para la creación de un entorno propicio para el mantenimiento de la capacidad de trabajo y el bienestar, permitiendo así a mitigar los problemas encontrados con este estudio.

Riesgos laborales en trabajadores de barberías y peluquerías de economía informal: Caracas, Venezuela / Occupational hazards in barbershops and hairdressers workers of informal economy: Caracas, Venezuela

En Venezuela el sector informal de barberías y peluquerías constituye una fuente de absorción de mano de obra desocupada, que tiene algunas ventajas respecto a ingresos y flexibilización laboral, pero por otro lado es un sector desprotegido y con accesos limitados o nulos a servicios de seguridad y salud laboral, lo que dificulta la inclusión en programas de prevención de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades ocupacionales. En este estudio observacional transversal y descriptivo se aplicó "la encuesta de las condiciones de trabajo y salud en América Latina del Center for International Health" y se analizaron las actividades de 40 trabajadores de barberías y peluquerías: 50% del género masculino y 50% femenino, 85% con edades comprendidas entre 20-49 años. De ellos, 65% manipulaban productos químicos, 62,5% utilizaban el secador y/o máquina de afeitar, 87,5% habían sufrido al menos una lesión en su área de trabajo y 100% refirió adoptar bipedestación prolongada, hacer movimientos repetitivos y presentar algún tipo de trastorno músculo-esquelético, cuyos síntomas más frecuentes fueron dorsalgias y lumbalgias con 37,5% y 32,5% respectivamente. Por otro lado, las várices en miembros inferiores fueron la segunda causa de morbilidad reportada.

Some of the barbershops and hair saloons -belonging to the informal sector- are a source of employment which takes in unoccupied work force. This workers have some advantages concerning to income and work flexibility, but in the other hand it is an unprotected sector with limited or nonexistent access to Occupational, Safety and Health services. This situation makes difficult to include them in labor accident occupational disease prevention programs. A cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out in which 40 barbershop and hair saloon workers were surveyed. Their activities were analyzed, employing the "survey of work and health conditions in Latin America of the Center for International Health". Of these workers, 50% were male and 50% female, and 85% were between 20 to 49 years old. 65% used chemical products, 62,5% used hair dryers and/or shaving machines, 87,5% had suffered some form of workplace injury, and all of them admitted to have adopted prolonged standing postures, to make repetitive movements, suffering at least from any musculoskeletal disorder. The second disease reported were varicose veins.

Hominem Exclusive Care for Men / Hominem Exclusive Care for Men

El Centro de cuidado personal exclusivo para hombres, HOMINEM, ofrecerá una gama completa de servicios y tratamientos médicos estéticos. La propuesta de valor es ofrecer servicios integrales para el cuidado masculino y un ambiente diseñado especialmente pensando en ellos; ofreciendo así una gama completa de servicios, de modo que nuestros clientes encuentren en nosotros todo lo que necesite para su cuidado personal, para potenciar su imagen y así lograr proyectar la imagen que ellos desean. Logrado a través de un equipo de profesionales altamente especializado en el mundo de la estética. Los promotores del proyecto somos médicos de profesión con estudios de Maestría en Administración de Empresas en Salud, así como Maestría en Medicina Estética y Longevidad; lo que permite asentar las bases indispensables para alcanzar el éxito. El mercado lo constituyen hombres de 25 a 50 años, de los sectores A y B; de los distritos de Lima moderna, que pertenecen al estilo de vida de los afortunados; caracterizados por ser hombres profesionales y exitosos, que entienden que la primera impresión es la que cuenta y por tanto se preocupan por verse y sentirse bien, tienen mayor poder adquisitivo lo que les permite reorientar sus gastos a productos y servicios para su propia satisfacción; para ellos la calidad se traduce en precio por lo que están dispuestos a pagar incluso más que las mujeres en servicios que se adapten a sus necesidades; como son la rapidez en la atención, ya que por ser hombres de negocios el tiempo es un recurso escaso, valorando la variedad así como la seguridad y calidad del servicio traducido en el profesionalismo de quien los brinde, convirtiéndose así en clientes leales.

Knowledge, attitude and practices of barbers about hepatitis B and C and its transmission in Larkana city, Pakistan

Blood borne diseases impose heavy burdens on national economies and individual families due to costs arising from acute and chronic morbidity and mortality. Globally, 2 billion people are infected with hepatitis B virus [HBV]. An estimated 170 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus [HCV] and 3-4 million persons are newly infected each year. Transmission of hepatitis B and C through infected needles, blades, etc. is well known. Barbers are the important parts of community, as almost every man needs at least monthly visit to barber for hair dressing or shaving. In Pakistan the prevalence of shaving by barbers is reported to be as high as 34%-49% of the male population and it is important to know how barbers perceive the risks in relation to prevention of transmission of hepatitis B and C. To assess the knowledge and attitude of barbers regarding HBV and HCV and find out practices among barbers which may be responsible for transmission of HBV and HCV. Cross-Sectional Study. This study was carried out in the Larkana city during the months of March 2010 to April 2012. A list of the barbers was obtained from the union of barbers and sample was drawn from that sampling frame. There were 422 barbers shops in the city. For sampling purpose Larkana city was arbitrarily divided into five zones [East, West, Central, South and North] and then 10 shops randomly selected from each zone. There were 156 barbers available and eligible for interview. After informed verbal consent, 132 barbers agreed to participate in the study. Data was entered, analyzed by Statistical Program for Social Sciences [SPSS] version 13. A total 132 barbers were interviewed. The mean age of respondents was 28 +/- 10 years, mean years of experience in barbering was 12.7 +/- 10. More than half [63.6%] respondents were married. Majority of the respondents [84.8%] were resident of urban areas. 64% barbers have had knowledge that hepatitis B and C can be transmitted through blood transfusion and sexual contact. Only 6.1% had been vaccinated against the hepatitis B. 70% of the barbers disposed of used blades in regular garbage. 82% washed hands before and after shaving each client, 92.4% cleaned their instruments with disinfectant after shaving the, 99.2% barbers change the blade for each client. The knowledge of barbers regarding the transmission of hepatitis B and C was fairly good but majority of the barbers were not vaccinated against Hepatitis B though they were knew that vaccine is available against the hepatitis B

Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C among barbers and their clients in the Rabat region of Morocco

A cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted in the Rabat-Sale-Zemmour-Zaer region of Morocco in 2007 among 267 barbers and 529 clients, all men with no history of hepatitis B [HBV] vaccination. The overall prevalence of HBV seropositivity was 28.1% in barbers and 25.1% in clients; 1.9% and 1.7% respectively had active HBV [HBsAg positive]. Risk factors for HBV included older age, low educational level, urban living, being married, history of transfusion, lack of current heterosexual relationship and liver-associated symptoms. Observations showed that HBV seropositivity was lower in clean barbershops and those using alum as an antispetic. The rate of PCR-confirmed hepatitis C virus [HCV] was only 1.1% and 1.3% in barbers and clients respectively, and was associated with increased age, drug use, history of surgery and symptoms of liver disease. Less than 1% of barbers were aware of HBV or HCV as causative agents of liver disease or jaundice

Hepatitis B and C viral infection: prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice among barbers and clients in Gharbia governorate, Egypt

A study in Egypt determined the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among barbers [n = 308] and their clients [n = 308] in Gharbia governorate, and assessed knowledge, attitude and practices during hair-cutting and shaving. HBsAg was detected among 4.2% of barbers and 3.9% of clients [more urban than rural]. Anti-HC antibodies were detected in 12.3% of barbers and 12.7% of clients. HCV-RNA prevalence was 9.1% among both barbers and clients [more rural than urban]. Knowledge was high among the majority of participants and good practices during shaving and hair-cutting were observed for the majority of barbers. Barbers appeared to have no job-related risk of acquiring viral hepatitis

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of barbers about hepatitis B and C transmission in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Hepatitis B and C virus [HBV/HCV] infections are serious global health problems. Shaving by barbers has been identified as the key risk factor for spread of HBV. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of barbers in Hyderabad city, Pakistan in 2007 to establish their knowledge and attitudes to the risk of HBV and HCV transmission and their working patterns. Observations showed that 96.2% washed razors with antiseptic after each client and 95.7% used a new blade with new clients. However, knowledge about the diseases and modes of transmission were poor and only 36.6% knew that hepatitis can be transmitted via shaving instruments. Only 3.2% of 186 barbers were vaccinated against HBV. Strategies are needed for raising awareness and regulations of barbers' practices

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis C antibodies in the people visiting roadside barbers

Sharing of blades and shaving kits, especially unsterilized ones are known risk factors for the transmission of Hepatitis C. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis C antibodies reactivity among the patients admitted due to any medical condition and who have been visiting roadside barbers. This was a descriptive study conducted from July 2007 to June 2008 in the Medical Unit-111, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi. The study was designed to include patient's demographics [age, occupation, marital status and education], clinical information and duration of the visits to roadside barbers with an approximate frequency of shavings per month. The patients with history of>3 visits to a roadside barber during the last six months were included in the study. Whereas, the patients with history of liver disease, blood transfusion, surgery, dental treatment, tattoo marks, intravenous drug use, on regular injectable medicine [like insulin, etc], multiple sexual partners and on haemodialysis were excluded from the study. A blood sample was collected at the time of admission and the screening for HCV-antibodies was done by Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbant Assay [ELISA]. A total of 184 male patients were included in the study. The mean age+ SD of the patients under the study was 33.8+13.2 years. The majority of study patients were uneducated and belonged to low socioeconomic group. Out of 184 patients, 70 [38%] were found to be HCV-antibodies reactive. In comparison to younger patients [age<40 years], the older patients as well as those with history of longer duration of visits to roadside barbers had high prevalence of HCV-antibodies reactivity, P.015 and P.02 respectively. There was no statistical significant difference for the prevalence of HCV-antibodies reactivity among the different socioeconomic groups, educational level and marital status. In the present study, it is concluded that the sharing of unsterilized shaving kits and used blades by roadside barbers are the main sources for the transmission of HCV. The transmission rate of HCV infection increases with the duration and multiple exposures for shaving

Prevalence of hepatitis "B" and "C" among the barber community of Bahawalpur city

This study was done to estimate prevalence rate and risk factors for HBV and HCV in Barbers and Beauticians of Bahawalpur City. 100 healthy Barbers and Beauticians were registered for this study. Screening test was applied for HBsAg and Anti-HCV. Blood was drawn with disposable syringe aseptically and serum obtained for HBsAg and Anti-HCV testing. Data was shifted to the master data sheet and analyzed by different tabulation. Data presentation was done by bar and pie diagrams. This Study was carried out from June 2006 to December 2006 at Bahawalpur City. Out of 100 healthy barbers, 6, were found seropositive for Anti-H.C.V antibodies with a prevalence rate of 6%, and 2 persona [2%] wre HBsAg positive. Amongst the seropositive Barbers and Beauticians the risk factors were cuts and pricks during work, major surgery with blood transfusion, IV injections and dental extraction. Only 18% Barbers and Beauticians were having full vaccination done against HBV. The prevalence rate of 2% for Hepatitis B compared to Hepatitis C's seroprevalence at 6% shows the declining attitude of HBV in the community and the retrospective effect of vaccination done against HBV [18%]. The study data further concludes the risk factors this community of Barbers and Beauticians, is facing and with further education, awareness and vaccination hopefully major decline in the HBsAg and Anti-HCV seropositivities will be appreciated